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Fruitless Trees: Portuguese Conservation and Brazil's Colonial Timber by Shawn William Miller,

For the most part, Brazil's forests were not harvested, but annihilated, brazil escort and relatively little was extracted for the benefit of Brazilians, a tragedy perhaps worse than deforestation alone. Fruitless Trees aims to make sense of what at first glance appears to be the senseless destruction of Brazil's incomparable timber. The forests have always been Brazil's most striking natural resource, brazil escort and the Portuguese colonists anticipated enormous returns from its harvest, since Brazilian timber was more abundant brazil escort and superior in quality to anything known in Europe, North America, or even Portugal's East Indian possessions. This work investigates the relationship between Portugal's colonial forest policies brazil escort and the successes of the colonial venture, showing how forest law shaped the fortunes of the timber sector brazil escort and promoted or obstructed colonial development. Timber was the steel, oil, coal, brazil escort and plastic of the early modern period, brazil escort and the effectiveness of its extraction affected nearly every branch of the colonial economy. Challenging previous scholarship that simply ascribed the destruction of Brazil's remarkable forests to the Europeans' voracious greed brazil escort and inherent hostility to the forest, the author argues that we must delineate the extent to which tropical timber was put to advantageous ends, brazil escort and explore precisely why so large a proportion of Brazil's timber was incinerated rather than converted to colonial wealth. Although Brazil exported substantial quantities of timber to Europe, the total amount fell far below expectations. The author attributes this in part to several ecological brazil escort and geographical factors including the lack of common stands, the preponderance of timbers too dense tobe floated inexpensively downstream, brazil escort and the dearth of safe ports brazil escort and navigable rivers. But the most significant factor in timber's unexpectedly poor showing was the Crown's effort from 1652 to monopolize Brazil's best timbers.
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Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil - Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (July 29, 1846ā€”November 14, 1921), nicknamed the Redeemer, was heir to the throne of Brazil (with the title of Princess Imperial) during the last decades of the reign of her father Pedro II of Brazil, and sometime Regent. After the end of the monarchy, she became Head of the Brazilian Imperial House and, according to legitimist ...

Pedro I of Brazil - Pedro I of Brazil (pron. IPA // in Brazilian Portuguese and // in European Portuguese; English: Peter), known as "Dom Pedro Primeiro" (October 12, 1798 ā€“ September 24, 1834), proclaimed Brazil independent from Portugal and became Brazil's first Emperor.

List of Ambassadors from New Zealand to Brazil - The Ambassador from New Zealand to Brazil is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Federative Republic of Brazil, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Brazil.

The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve - The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve was a monarchy consisting of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve. It came into being when the Portuguese king John VI fled to its colony Brazil after the annexation of Portugal by Napoleonic France in 1808.

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